Osteoporosis - The Balance Clinic

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break. Imagine your bones as a sturdy brick wall; with osteoporosis, they become thin and porous, like a crumbling sponge. This can lead to fractures, even from minor falls or bumps. It often progresses without noticeable symptoms until a bone breaks.

What causes osteoporosis?

Several factors contribute to osteoporosis. One of the biggest is bone loss. As we age, especially after menopause in women, our bodies naturally lose bone mass. This process is accelerated by:

• Genetics: Family history significantly impacts risk.
• Hormone levels: Estrogen plays a crucial role in bone health, putting post-menopausal women at higher risk. Low testosterone in men can also contribute.
• Lifestyle choices: A diet lacking in calcium and vitamin D weakens bones. Lack of weight-bearing exercise also hinders bone density. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are detrimental.
• Certain medical conditions: Diseases like hyperthyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis, and some medications, can increase risk.

What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis often has no noticeable symptoms in early stages. Many people don't realize they have it until experiencing a fracture, often in the hip, spine, or wrist. A vertebral fracture can lead to loss of height, stooped posture (dowager's hump), and back pain. However, back pain isn't always a symptom.

How is osteoporosis diagnosed?

A bone density scan (DEXA scan) measures bone mineral density and assesses fracture risk. Blood tests may also be ordered.

How can I prevent or treat osteoporosis?

Prevention and early treatment are key. Consider these steps:

• Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D: Dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods are excellent sources. Supplements may be necessary.
• Engage in regular weight-bearing exercise: Walking, jogging, dancing, and weight training help build and maintain bone density.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol: These habits significantly increase risk.
• Consult your doctor: They can assess your risk, advise on preventative measures, and prescribe medication if needed. Medications such as bisphosphonates can slow bone loss or increase bone density.

In a nutshell: Osteoporosis is a serious but manageable condition. A healthy lifestyle—including diet, exercise, and regular checkups—can significantly improve bone health and reduce fracture risk. Proactive steps can make a world of difference. Talk to your doctor about your bone health!

Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making decisions related to your health or treatment.